2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Carbonic Anhydrase

Carbonic Anhydrase

Carbonate dehydratase

Carbonic Anhydrase

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Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a zinc-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide: CO2 + H2O ⇋ HCO3- + H+. Eight genetically distinct carbonic anhydrase enzyme families (α-, β-, γ- δ-, ζ-, η-, θ- and ι- CAs) were described to date. Carbonic anhydrases are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Many of them are important therapeutic targets with the potential to be inhibited to treat a range of disorders including oedema, glaucoma, obesity, cancer, epilepsy, and osteoporosis.

The carbonic anhydrase reaction is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including respiration and transport of CO2 and bicarbonate between metabolizing tissues and lungs; pH and CO2 homeostasis; electrolyte secretion in various tissues and organs; biosynthetic reactions (such as gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and ureagenesis); bone resorption; calcification; and tumorigenicity. α-CAs are Zn2+ metalloproteins expressed in animals, vertebrates, prokaryotes, fungi, algae, protozoa, and plants. Sixteen mammalian α-CA isoforms are known to be involved in many diseases such as glaucoma, edema, epilepsy, obesity, hypoxic tumors, neuropathic pain, arthritis, neurodegeneration, etc.

Carbonic Anhydrase Isoform Specific Products:

Carbonic Anhydrase Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0782R
    Acetazolamide (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Acetazolamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Acetazolamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX inhibitor with an IC50 of 30 nM for hCA IX. Acetazolamide has diuretic, antihypertensive and anti-gonococcal activities.
    Acetazolamide (Standard)
  • HY-110243
    CAIX Inhibitor S4
    		Inhibitor 99.04%
    CAIX Inhibitor S4 is a potent and selective inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase IX/XII (CA IX/XII), with a Ki of 7 nM and 2 nM, respectively. CAIX Inhibitor S4 also inhibits CA II and CA I (Ki=546 and 5600 nM, respectively). CAIX Inhibitor S4 can inhibit the number of lung metastasis in orthotopic MDA-MB-231 mouse model without affecting primary tumor growth.
    CAIX Inhibitor S4
  • HY-76938
    Actarit
    		Inhibitor 99.58%
    Actarit (4-Acetylaminophenylacetic acid) is an orally active Carbonic Anhydrase II (CAII) inhibitor with an IC50 of 422 nM. Actarit shows suppressive effects experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. Actarit inhibits the development of type ll collagen (CII)-induced arthritis in mice by suppressing delayed-type hypersensitivity to CII. Actarit can be used for the study of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis.
    Actarit
  • HY-118467
    Benzolamide
    		Inhibitor 99.59%
    Benzolamide (CL11366) is a potent carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor, with Kis of 15 nM, 9 nM, 94 nM and 78 nM for hCA I, hCA II, EcoCAγ and VchCAγ, respectively. Benzolamide also inhibits CAS3, with a Ki of 54 nM. Benzolamide can be used for the research of glaucoma and seizures.
    Benzolamide
  • HY-128586A
    TAS4464 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 98.91%
    TAS4464 hydrochloride is a long-acting, highly selective covalent inhibitor targeting NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) (IC50=0.955 nM), and also inhibits CAII with an IC50 of 0.73 μM, which is less potent than MLN4924 (HY-70062). The IC50 values of TAS4464 hydrochloride against other E1 enzymes UAE and SAE are 449 nM and 1280 nM, respectively. TAS4464 hydrochloride targets NEDD8 in an ATP-dependent manner to inhibit NAE, blocks the neddylation pathway, causes accumulation of CRL ubiquitin ligase substrates (such as CDT1, p27, phosphorylated IκBα), and further induces tumor cell apoptosis. TAS4464 hydrochloride exhibits antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects, and has broad-spectrum antitumor activity against various hematologic and solid tumor cell lines as well as patient-derived tumor cells. TAS4464 hydrochloride has a wide therapeutic window, without obvious toxicity. TAS4464 hydrochloride can be used in the research of hematologic malignancies (leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, etc.) and solid tumors (small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, sarcoma, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, etc.).
    TAS4464 hydrochloride
  • HY-P1775
    Carbonic anhydrase, Bovine erythrocytes
    Carbonic anhydrase, Bovine erythrocytes (EC 4.2.1.1) is ubiquitous zinc-containing metalloenzyme present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Carbonic anhydrase can catalyze reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons. Carbonic anhydrase can be used for the research of cancer, glaucoma, obesity and epilepsy.
    Carbonic anhydrase, Bovine erythrocytes
  • HY-32933
    4-Acetylphenylboronic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    4-Acetylphenylboronic acid is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrases II(CA II), with IC50s of 246 μM and 281.40 μM for bovine CA II (bCA II) and human CA II (hCA II). 4-Acetylphenylboronic acid can be obtained via mechanochemistry and solvent evaporation. 4-Acetylphenylboronic acid has a loss of the carbonyl group at 500-550 K.
    4-Acetylphenylboronic acid
  • HY-B0989
    Carzenide
    		Inhibitor 99.45%
    Carzenide (4-Sulfamoylbenzoic acid) is the major circulating metabolite of Mafenide (HY-B0614) in plasma. Carzenide is a strong CAII competitive inhibitor. Carzenide can be used in the research of epilepsy and cervical cancer.
    Carzenide
  • HY-Y0271R
    Urea (Standard)
    Urea (Standard) is the analytical standard of Urea. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Urea is a powerful protein denaturant via both direct and indirect mechanisms. A potent emollient and keratolytic agent. Used as a diuretic agent. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been utilized to evaluate renal function. Widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry.
    Urea (Standard)
  • HY-101087
    Benzenesulphonamide
    		Inhibitor 99.75%
    Benzenesulphonamide (Compound 1) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Benzenesulphonamide exhibits CA II inhibitory activity. Benzenesulphonamide reduces ROS and improves the gene expression of amyloid-β40 and 42. Benzenesulphonamide is beneficial for Alzheimer's disease. Benzenesulphonamide derivatives have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anticonvulsant activities. Benzenesulphonamide can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, inflammatory diseases, leukemia, melanoma, lung cancer, and colon cancer.
    Benzenesulphonamide
  • HY-W042301
    Xipamide
    		Inhibitor 99.74%
    Xipamide is an orally active carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor and Na+/Cl--potassium transporter inhibitor with diuretic and antihypertensive effects. Xipamide reduces NaCl reabsorption by inhibiting the Cl-/NaCO3- anion exchanger, and increases calcium reabsorption while promoting potassium and magnesium excretion. Xipamide is mainly cleared via the renal pathway and causes a temporary decrease in glomerular filtration rate under specific conditions. Xipamide does not affect Ca2+ signaling induced by endothelin-1 and other factors, nor does it inhibit various ion cotransport or pump activities in red blood cells. Xipamide can be used in researches related to cardiovascular diseases, hypertension (especially with left ventricular hypertrophy), advanced renal failure, and liver cirrhosis with ascites.
    Xipamide
  • HY-109056
    Elsulfavirine
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Elsulfavirine (R-1206) is an orally active human carbonic anhydrase (carbonic anhydrase, CA) inhibitor and an allosteric inhibitor of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRT). Elsulfavirine also targets and blocks the interaction between adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) and insulin-induced gene proteins INSIG1/2, blocks SREBP-1-mediated de novo lipid synthesis, and inhibits the proliferation of liver cancer cells. The combination of Elsulfavirine and Lenvatinib (HY-10981) produces a synergistic anti-tumor effect. Elsulfavirine is converted into the active metabolite VM1500A in vivo, blocks the DNA polymerase activity of reverse transcriptase, and inhibits HIV-1 replication. Elsulfavirine exhibits a Ki of 1960 nM-52400 nM against human carbonic anhydrase isoforms including I, VII, VI, VA, VB, IX, XIII, XIV. Elsulfavirine is used in studies related to HIV-1 infection and liver cancer.
    Elsulfavirine
  • HY-108316
    Sultiame
    		Inhibitor 99.11%
    Sultiame is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, widely used as an antiepileptic agent.
    Sultiame
  • HY-B0397
    Dichlorphenamide
    		Inhibitor 98.49%
    Dichlorphenamide (Diclofenamide) is an orally active, specific, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Dichlorphenamide can reduce intraocular pressure by inhibiting the secretion of water from the eye. Dichlorphenamide can be used for glaucoma research.
    Dichlorphenamide
  • HY-77036
    Furagin
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    Furagin (Furazidine), an analogue of Nitrofurantoin (HY-A0090), is an antibiotic with antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogens with MIC values of 0-32 µg/mL. Furagin inhibits human Carbonic anhydrases . Furagin is promising for research of cancer and urinary tract infections (UTIs).
    Furagin
  • HY-B2147
    2-Aminobenzenesulfonamide
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    2-Aminobenzenesulfonamide is a carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitor.
    2-Aminobenzenesulfonamide
  • HY-B1386
    Halazone
    		Inhibitor
    Halazone is an atypical antimicrobial sulfonamide derivative and a carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor with a Kd value of 1.45 μM. Halazone protects sodium channels from inactivation. Halazone is widely used for disinfection of drinking water.
    Halazone
  • HY-W074975
    CL 5343
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    CL 5343 (5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide) is a selective inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase B (HCA-B) and isoforms I, II, IV, and VII. CL 5343 has a Ki of 7.9 nM for hCA II. CL 5343 acts as a CA9 ligand to achieve targeted delivery of maytansine to the cell membrane of SKRC52 renal cancer cells. CL 5343 is useful in the development of therapeutics for diseases associated with CA overactivity, such as glaucoma, epilepsy, and cancer.
    CL 5343
  • HY-B0235
    Trichlormethiazide
    		Inhibitor 98.54%
    Trichlormethiazide is an orally active thiazide diuretic, with antihypertensive effect. Trichlormethiazide increases urine volume (UV), Na and K excretion and tends to improve the depressed creatinine clearance (CCRE) in acute renal failure rats model.
    Trichlormethiazide
  • HY-69085
    4-Bromo-1H-indazole
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    4-Bromo-1H-indazole is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.403 mM and a Ki of 0.383 mM against hCA-I, as well as an IC50 of 0.700 mM and a Ki of 0.935 mM against hCA-II. 4-Bromo-1H-indazole reduces the catalytic activity of human I and II isoforms of carbonic anhydrase.
    4-Bromo-1H-indazole
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Carbonic Anhydrase Isoform Comparison

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